Circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin, a fold of skin covering the head of the penis. It is one of the oldest and most commonly performed procedures worldwide, with cultural, religious, and medical significance. While circumcision has potential benefits, it also carries certain risks, making it essential to understand the procedure before opting for it.

In this blog, Karepedia takes you through an in-depth exploration of the circumcision procedure, its benefits, potential risks, and provides clear answers to common questions you may have.

What is Circumcision?

Circumcision is a surgical procedure where the foreskin of the penis is removed. It is performed on newborns, children, or adults, depending on cultural, religious, or medical reasons. Medically, circumcision may be recommended to address or prevent issues such as recurrent infections (like balanitis), phimosis (a condition where the foreskin cannot be retracted), or paraphimosis (where the retracted foreskin becomes stuck and restricts blood flow).

Circumcision Procedure

The circumcision procedure varies slightly depending on the patient’s age and the technique used but generally follows these steps

1. Preparation

• The patient is examined to ensure they are healthy enough for the procedure.

• Anesthesia is administered: local anesthesia for adults and older children or a topical anesthetic for infants.

2. The Surgery

• The surgeon cleans the genital area and marks the skin to be removed.

• The foreskin is clamped, and a surgical instrument is used to cut and remove the foreskin.

• Stitches or medical adhesives may be used to close the incision.

3. Post-Procedure

• A bandage is applied, and the patient is given instructions for aftercare.

• The procedure usually takes 30 minutes for adults and 10–15 minutes for infants.

4. Hospitalization

• Infants and Children: Typically performed as an outpatient procedure.

• Adults: May require hospitalization depending on the complexity or individual health conditions.

Circumcision Benefits

The circumcision benefits include

1. Reduced Risk of Infections: Circumcision lowers the chances of urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in infants. It also reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.

2. Improved Hygiene: Without the foreskin, cleaning the genital area becomes easier, reducing the risk of balanitis and other inflammatory conditions.

3. Prevention of Medical Conditions: Circumcision can prevent phimosis, paraphimosis, and penile cancer.

4. Reduced Risk of Cervical Cancer in Partners: Studies suggest that circumcised men are less likely to transmit human papillomavirus (HPV), reducing the risk of cervical cancer in their partners.

Circumcision Risks

While generally safe, there are potential circumcision risks, including:

1. Bleeding: Mild bleeding is common, but excessive bleeding may occur in rare cases.

2. Infection: Poor aftercare can lead to infections at the surgical site.

3. Pain or Discomfort: Temporary pain and swelling are common but manageable with medication.

4. Scarring: The incision site may leave a small scar, which is usually minimal.

5. Complications from Anesthesia: Rarely, patients may experience an adverse reaction to anesthesia.

6. Rare Complications: Issues such as narrowing of the urethral opening (meatal stenosis) or improper healing may occur.

Aftercare Tips

Proper aftercare ensures a smooth recovery and minimizes risks:

1. Keep the Area Clean: Use warm water and mild soap to clean the area daily. Avoid harsh chemicals.

2. Change Dressings Regularly: Replace the bandage as instructed to prevent infections.

3. Avoid Strenuous Activities: Rest and avoid heavy lifting or physical activity for at least a week after the procedure.

4. Use Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain medications can help manage discomfort.

5. Watch for Warning Signs: Seek medical attention if you notice excessive bleeding, severe pain, or signs of infection such as redness, pus, or fever.

FAQs

1. What is circumcision, and why is it done?

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin. It is performed for cultural, religious, or medical reasons. Medical reasons include treating conditions like phimosis or preventing infections and other health issues.

2. Are there any risks or complications associated with circumcision?

Yes, circumcision carries some risks, such as bleeding, infection, pain, or scarring. However, these complications are rare, especially when the procedure is performed by a qualified healthcare provider.

3. How is circumcision performed, and does it require hospitalization?

Circumcision involves removing the foreskin using surgical tools. Infants and children typically undergo the procedure as outpatients, while adults may require hospitalization depending on their health and the procedure’s complexity.

4. What are the benefits of circumcision?

Circumcision benefits include better hygiene, reduced risk of UTIs, STIs, penile cancer, and prevention of conditions like phimosis.

5. Is circumcision painful?

Pain is minimal during the procedure due to anesthesia. However, some discomfort and swelling may occur during recovery, which can be managed with pain relievers.

6. Can adults undergo circumcision?

Yes, adults can undergo circumcision for medical or personal reasons. The procedure may require more recovery time compared to infants.